Happy First of December!

Dear Readers--

I personally mark the start of the Christmas season as the moment the thanksgiving feast is over (whether that means post-turkey or post-pies is debateable) but I know there are some of you who prefer to wait to begin feeling the Christmas Spirit. Well, it's the first of December and there are no more excuses. I hope you all have your advent Calendars out and are starting to decorate your houses.

I don't have time at the moment to compose something philosophical about the Christmas Spirit/Season, but in the spirit of giving (and because I was in a super-Christmasy mood last night after seeing my friend Julia in A Christmas Carol at Hale Centre Theatre and I had to youtube some favorites), I have some videos to help you all get in the Christmas Spirit, too.

This first set is from the movie White Christmas, which is one of my very favorites ever. These are some musical highlights, but everyone should watch it in full because the story is so great (I can't say the same about some other movie musicals of the time, when you get everything there is to get just from watching the numbers). I wish I could sing like Bing Crosby...

Here's the opening scene, but the most important part is the title song, about one minute and fifty seconds:



Here are two renditions of the same song. I don't think any more explanation is necessary :-)





This is one of my favorite songs in the movie. It has such gorgeous harmonies.



Here's a pretty awesome dance number:



And another:



And yet another (this one's the best):



Here's a ballad:



And another (the second-most famous song in the movie):



And of course, here's the finale. Enjoy!



And here are a couple more videos that I love.

This one is so over the top, and yet brilliant. It makes me smile every time. You'll have to click on the link, because the embedding capability was disabled on this video.

And to finish things off, here's one of my favorite Christmas pop songs, sung by Vocal Point:



I hope that these videos won't just waste your time, but will help start off your Christmas season right.

I love you all, and I can't wait to see some of you in just a couple weeks.

--Christian

Music and Mahler

Hey Readers,

Here is a quick little writeup I did for the latest lecture in my Honors Seminar. The lecture was a preparatory explanation of Mahler's Second Symphony ("The Resurrection") as a prelude for those who were to see it performed by Utah Symphony on Saturday the Twenty-first. My Civilization Professor gave the lecture, and it was fun to hear him speak about a piece that truly excited his passion. I can't wait for next semester when the majority of classes will be devoted to discussing some of his favorite pieces.

The writeup is short (it must be between two hundred fifty and five hundred words) and dwells more on my thoughts of Orchestral music than Mahler himself, but hopefully it will be fun to read. I would love to write an essay on Orchestral Music by itself, expanding upon the things I wrote here. Let me know what you think:

Understanding Mahler

When I think about music, especially instrumental music, I always laugh. I am a life-long musician and music-lover; nevertheless, I find the very prospect of orchestral music laughable. It is the least practical of all arts because it cannot communicate any specific information to an untrained listener. Specific music that has information coded into it (many of Bach’s works contain his musical signature and other symbols communicated by the mathematical and ordered nature of his work) are often characterized by musicians and non-musicians alike to be devoid of emotion and thus meaningless (as a Bach enthusiast, I immediately distrust the qualifications of a musician who feels that way about Bach’s music). Despite this, instrumental music (and music in general) continues to attract many disciples who dedicate their entire lives to its study and creation.

Think how silly it is! Men spend years learning the proper technique to wave their arms around. Students stew and stress over the proper way to breathe—the most intrinsic of human reflexes after the heartbeat. Short tubes of metal and hollow pieces of wood sell for many thousands of dollars. Add about a hundred years of age and some famous fingerprints and those thousands become millions.

Despite the humor and abstraction of it all, it is an undeniable truth that music does have meaning. The physiological effects on the listener alone—increased heart-rate and breathing, release of endorphins, goosebumps, and emotional stimulus, often to the point of tears—are proof of this fact. It is a skilled composer who can choose a subject, determine the meaning of the subject, and then create a sequence of sounds that emotionally communicate that meaning. By this definition, Gustav Mahler was certainly a skilled composer. It was fascinating to listen to Doctor Johnson share Mahler’s own words on the intent of his piece and explain Mahler’s compositional technique in fulfilling this intent. Merely listening to a piece only provides one layer of the work. Background and explanation provide additional layers and deepen the listeners understanding.

Thursday evening, after stewing over the lecture the entire afternoon, I made a trip up to the Music and Dance section of the HBLL and checked out the Deutsche-Gramophon Recording of Mahler’s second symphony. I am excited to listen to it over Thanksgiving break so I can put my new knowledge to fulfilling, if impractical, use.

Here's a video of my good friend Emily Brown performing at "BYU's Got Talent." She got to go up to the Symphony on Saturday night and see it performed, though the story of her adventure up to Salt Lake to see it is comically disappointing (if you're interested, ask me). I met her at Late Summer Honors and was completely amazed the first time I heard her perform. I still can't believe how talented she is, in addition to being very smart and interesting. Plus she likes Finland. For those of you who really like this song (probably Rachel, and hopefully others) she is working on an album to be released on iTunes in the (hopefully) near future. I'll certainly keep you informed. She did some amateur recording (meaning a basic microphone and laptop setup in the basement of Stover Hall on one of the old uprights down there) with my guitarist friend Mike and it was incredible how professional and radio-ready they sounded together despite the shoddy studio setup. I can't wait to hear how she sounds with some more sophisticated recording and mixing. Anyway, happy listening



Love,
Christian

A Bit of Shakespeare

Dear Readers,

I'm just on fire tonight with TWO POSTS! I've been giving you lots of my writing for Book of Mormon, so I figured I'd give some writing for Civ. Keep in mind that this is Music Civ, so this writing assignment is fairly informal. Literature is not the focus of this course.

Here are my responses to a couple of questions on Hamlet, which asked me to relate Hamlet to Castiglione's The Courtier and to compare three pairs of characters in roughly the same line of thought. It was interesting to write about. Unfortunately we were limited to one page, ten-point font with permissible but discouraged overflow onto a second page. It was also supposed to be double-spaced, but I single-spaced it because I had so much to say (and yet I feel I've barely made a dent in what I could say on the subject). If I get in trouble for single spacing I'll plead innocent by saying it wasn't on the syllabus (and it's true, it never says anything about spacing on the syllabus). Anyway, if you expand it to twelve point font, double spaced, it's four pages of text, which is pretty hefty for an "informal writing assignment." The writing gets progressively worse as I go along because I was, one, getting tired and, two, running out of space. Still, I think I was able to say some interesting things. Let me know what you think.

Hamlet Discussion Notes

1. Upon commencing our study of Hamlet in my senior literature class, my teacher introduced the seven deadly sins and the great chain of being, two sets of theology and philosophy that greatly affected the ethics and morals of Elizabethan England. She explained that in Hamlet, all seven deadly sins had been violated by the climax in act three, and the mishaps in and out of the court could be explained by the imbalances in the great chain of being that came as a result of these violations. Though she never introduced the influence of Castiglione’s The Courtier on the construction of Hamlet, it certainly fits into this same line of thought. Shakespeare so brilliantly took a well-known set of ideals and deliberately twisted it to illustrate the ill effects of the perversion of what’s right.

The ideal of platonic love is a perfect example of a virtue that is perverted in the course of the play. Platonic or courtly love of course means the chaste devotion that a courtier would show to his lady love, which was often the queen, but could include any lady of the court. Though sexual relationships obviously existed within an ideal court for the purposes of procreation, the generally pious society of medieval and Renaissance Europe typically saw overt expressions of sexual desire or overt manifestations of sexual sins (i.e. incest) to be inappropriate and contrary to the code of a good courtier. The marriage of Claudius and Gertrude is an overt violation of this code. Hamlet complains of his mother’s “most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets” and was correct to declare that “it is not, nor it cannot come to good” (I, ii, 156-158). Despite the blind eye that the court and the subjects typically pay to the indiscretions of royalty, the marriage of Claudius and Gertrude was definitively incestuous. Additionally, the relationship between Hamlet and Ophelia certainly crept over the line of courtly devotion. Though it is never stated outright, several passages indicate a sexual relationship between the two. In Act II, scene ii, Polonius confronts Hamlet in an attempt to comprehend the beginnings of his feigned madness. In a series of loaded insults, Hamlet indicates that Ophelia might be pregnant. Much later, in Act IV, scene v, Ophelia recites sexually loaded rhymes in a fit of pre-suicidal madness brought on by Hamlet’s rejection and her Father’s death. It is no coincidence that, in her mad state, her sexual relationship with Hamlet is the source of much of her distress. She cries out, “ ‘Before you tumbled me, You promised me to wed,” which promise was obviously broken (IV, v, 62-63). This, too, is a clear violation of one of Castiglione’s ideals.

The violation of courtly love is just one of many ideals that are broken in Hamlet. Shakespeare’s purpose in these perversions is clear; by so overtly demonstrating the violation of well-known social codes, Shakespeare is able to communicate the consequences of such actions. The use of ideas from Castiglione’s The Courtier is one of many means by which Shakespeare made a story set in Medieval Denmark accessible and poignant to millions of English speakers in his time and ours.

2. Hamlet and Claudius make an interesting pair to analyze because each possesses certain qualities which were praised by Castiglione while hiding vices that would be publically criticized. Furthermore, the virtues of one are lacked by the other. Were the characters to be somehow spliced together, an ideal courtier might well emerge. Two of Hamlet’s virtues are his education and his sense of justice. In Act I, scene ii, when he is first introduced, we learn that he recently returned to Elsinore from his studies at the University of Wittenberg, a well-respected medieval university. His education is proved with a heavy injection of word-play and cleverness in his conversation with Gertrude and Polonius. His command of language and use of logic transform his aggressive banter from feisty to formidable. Hamlet’s sense of justice is another admirable quality (after the Castiglione model). Though frightened by the task, he readily accepts his father’s ghost’s charge to exact revenge upon Claudius because he believes it is just. Though often excruciating, his hesitation to perform the deed is justified by his insistence on exacting revenge in a way that will adequately satisfy the demands of justice. For example, in Act III, scene iii, Hamlet gives up a perfect opportunity to take his uncles life because he finds him praying. Hamlet, knowing that death-while-praying sends a soul straight to heaven, hesitates yet again to insure that Claudius not only suffers death, but also eternal damnation as payment for his crime. One of Hamlet’s vices is his caution to the point of cowardice. A good courtier needed to be bold, direct, and competent. Hamlet philosophized his way out of action one too many times to merit those compliments. By contrast, Claudius is very direct and forthcoming. In his outward behavior (with the exception of the whole murderer thing), he is the perfect politician. He is well-spoken, charming, socially connected, and persuasive. He is a generous host (he invites and welcomes Horatio, Rosencrantz, and Guildenstern) and even a patron of the arts (he readily opens his doors to the traveling theatre troupe in Act III). On the other hand, he has no sense of right and wrong and ruthlessly pursues the object of his greed (hence fratricide and incest for the sake of the crown). The unusual way in which Hamlet and Claudius complement each other makes the warlike dynamic of their relationship all the more powerful.

The contrast between Horatio and Polonius is also very telling of the perversion within Claudius’ court at Elsinore. Though the two are basically equal in rank and social standing, Polonius is somehow much more respected despite his utter lack of merit. The only viable reason for his comparatively respected position is his age. Horatio is perhaps the most honorable character in the play. He is educated, he is competent, he is considerate, he is humble, and he is committed to what is right. He’s even patriotic, traveling hundreds of miles from Wittenberg to Elsinore just to pay proper respects to the late Old King Hamlet. Polonius, on the other hand, is just a bumbling old man who has found himself in a position of decent authority. He is controlling, selfish, and incompetent. There is nothing charismatic or redeeming about him. Shakespeare came along just several decades after the glory days of Pico della Mirandola, who received great respect and admiration in his youth because of his achievement and merit. Being familiar with Humanist super-stars like Pico, Shakespeare was certainly developing the perverted model of a court by giving meritless Polonius precedence over the honorable and admirable Horatio.

In examining Gertrude and Ophelia, many parallels emerge. Both are guilty of sexual sin (Gertrude committed incest by marrying Claudius and Ophelia committed fornication by sleeping with Hamlet), both are used as political pawns (Claudius uses Gertrude to obtain the crown and Claudius and Polonius both use Ophelia to bait Hamlet as they try to bring him down), and both are torn by conflicting loyalties to significant men in their lives (Gertrude is torn by her maternal relation to Hamlet and her marital relation to Claudius and Ophelia is torn by her filial relation to Polonius and her romantic relation to Hamlet). The internal struggle caused by these conflicting loyalties was traumatic to both, and yet neither could ever take a side, despite the intense hatred the men bore for each other. The combination of Hamlet’s rejection and her father’s death drove Ophelia to insanity and suicide in Act IV, and in her ravings, the anguish associated with both crises was manifest. Gertrude reacted to this dilemma by turning a blind eye to the flaws of both men and ignored the dangerous tension between them up until the moment of their mutual murder. The result of this conflict was common to both women: death.

The unique dynamic of each of these three pairs is indicative of Shakespeare’s intent to compare the ideal with the perverse in Hamlet.

My T.A.'s have been scolding me for not adequately supporting my ideas, so I tried to give more evidence here. Do you think I did a good job of giving textual evidence? I know there are only three quotes, but the rest of it is chock full of references to plot, often giving citation to act and scene. It's hard to give meaningful quotes when the questions are so general and the space to write so limited. Plus Hamlet is a play and it's hard to find meaningful quotes (for relationship analysis) when the entire text is dialogue. Tell me what you think.

As long as we're in the line of Shakespeare, here are some fun videos:

This is a video of Bob Fosse and Carol Haney dancing in the film, Kiss me Kate. This is some of Fosse's earliest recorded choreography, and even in his youth, his choreography was pretty revolutionary. I wish Youtube had the full number so you could see the contrast between this segment, which was Fosse's choreography, and the rest of the dance, which was choreographed by Hermes Pan. The difference is amazing (though Pan's choreography is charming and enjoyable, it was certainly not revolutionary). I really recommend checking out Kiss me Kate from your local library. It's a fun one. "From this Moment On" :



Here's another number from Kiss me Kate, this time from the West End production of the 1999 (don't quote me on that date) Broadway revival of the show (meaning the show was revived in New York, and then a production with the same sets, costumes, orchestrations, choreography, lighting, a few New York cast members, et cetera opened in London a year or so later) which was professionally taped and televised. The song goes from the end of the first video to the beginning of the second video. There's a funny scene before the song for those who are interested and/or have the time, but for those who don't, the song begins roundabout two minutes and fifteen seconds. "Always True to You in my Fashion" :





The music and lyrics are by Cole Porter. Don't you think he does a good job emulating Shakespeare in his wordplay and content? I think so.

Lots of Love,
--Christian

P.S. Don't forget to read the post from earlier tonight! Just scroll down a little more. It contains my latest insight paper.

Back Again

Hey Readers,
I'm sorry for the long absence. Life is busy; here's an insight paper:

Insight Paper the Fifth

Mosiah 28: 3-4:

3 Now they were desirous that salvation should be declared to every creature, for they could not bear that any human soul should perish; yea, even the very thoughts that any soul should endure endless torment did cause them to quake and tremble.

4 And thus did the Spirit of the Lord work upon them, for they were the very vilest of sinners. And the Lord saw fit in his infinite mercy to spare them; nevertheless they suffered much anguish of soul because of their iniquities, suffering much and fearing that they should be cast of forever.

Because I am a very young freshman (I’m still seventeen), my mission is more than a year away. And yet, seeing many of my friends receive their calls and paying more attention to the letters that my older brother writes from his mission in Switzerland, my mission feels very close upon me. Each time I think about it, the magnitude of responsibility born by a missionary becomes increasing apparent. Though I have faith that I will be able to magnify that responsibility when the time comes, I feel sufficiently inadequate that I’ve stepped up my preparation. I’m trying to improve in all aspects of my life so that I am well prepared to serve an honorable two years.

One such aspect is the ability to maintain the right attitude towards everything, keeping an eye single to the glory of God. It saddens me to hear about missionaries who lose perspective and go about the work with the wrong attitude, refusing to work hard, seeking their own glory and recognition, or adopting any other prideful attitude. They forget the Lord’s reasons for missionary work.

The sons of Mosiah are great examples of missionaries who kept the right attitude and proper perspective in their service. I am inspired by the fervent love they bear for their fellow men and the complete gratitude they give to the Lord for his mercy and forgiveness. Their motives are so pure and righteous. Having suffered the misery of sin themselves and experienced the joy of the atonement so acutely in their own lives, their compassion is such that they are willing to give fully of their own time and talents to help others avoid the pain they felt. Their Christ-like love is amazing. I am trying to learn such charity myself.

Most importantly, they are humble. Pride seems to be the cause of most maladjusted attitudes among missionaries, but the sons of Mosiah have stripped themselves of pride. They are constantly aware of the mercy that has been shown them and they never forget the gravity of their past sins. They understand the power of the atonement and have humbled themselves before the Lord. Because of their humility, the Spirit was able to “work upon them,” communicating to them the sweetness of forgiveness and increasing their abilities. The presence and power of the Spirit was the source of their enormous success. The Spirit only came through their righteous and humble attitudes. In the coming thirteen and a half months, I pray that my efforts to prepare will help me to become like the sons of Mosiah, and more importantly, like my Savior Jesus Christ, full of love and humility.

I'm going to try to do a better job of posting. You ought to get some good morsels during Thanksgiving break, which is coming up! I can't believe how quickly time is going by.

Here's a song that I really really really like. The music video is interesting. The beat and chorus are amazing:



Love,
Christian

Epiphany

Dear Readers,

This is my second insight paper for Book of Mormon. I had a lot of fun writing it and I had more to say, but I'm not supposed to exceed two pages (I did bleed a little on to a third...don't tell Brother Merrill). Maybe we can get a comment thread started to discuss the further implications of the passage. Enjoy!

Insight Paper the Second

Alma 5: 59-60:

59 For what shepherd is there among you having many sheep doth not watch over them, that the wolves enter not and devour his flock? And behold, if a wolf enter his flock doth he not drive him out? Yea, and at the last, if he can, he will destroy them.

60 And now I say unto you that the good shepherd doth call after you; and if you will hearken unto his voice he will bring you into his fold, and ye are his sheep; and he commandeth you that ye suffer no ravenous wolf to enter among you, that ye may not be destroyed.

I loved the two consecutive conference addresses on the changing and the softening of the heart. I have often thought about those talks over the past two days. I was not surprised to find myself reading through the fifth chapter of Alma in search of a passage for this paper. I was, however, quite surprised to notice these verses, which had never seemed as significant as those earlier in the chapter which deal more explicitly with the topic of a changed heart. Nevertheless, I read these verses, reread them, and put down my Book of Mormon, intrigued but puzzled by these verses that seemed so unrelated to the original theme of Alma’s discourse.

The cause of my confusion was the role of the “ravenous wolf” that Alma speaks of in these verses. My initial interpretation was that the wolves were wicked men in various degrees of disguise (who can read these verses without thinking of the fable of the wolf in sheep’s clothing?) who enter in among the children of God and attack them spiritually, drawing them away from the safety of the flock. The charge drive these wolves out of the flock, indeed destroy them if possible, disturbed me. After all, the majority of wolves under this definition are people outside the church who are usually very nice and often full of good intentions. They can certainly be dangerous, but they are dangerous only in their ignorance. They don’t know the truth, they are only acting on what they believe to be right.

Can you understand my confusion? Aren’t we supposed to treat these “wolves” with love? Haven’t we also been commanded of the Lord to reach out to them and invite them into the fold? Driving them out and destroying them hardly seemed to me a act of charity, and why would Alma, in his discourse on a mightily changed heart, include two verses about sheep and wolves? Furthermore, if we are the sheep according to the metaphor, how is that we are to drive out the wolves?

In my efforts to understand, I thought and I prayed and I thought some more and I was on the verge of calling my Seminary-Teacher-Mother when I had an epiphany. The wolves in these verses are not people at all, but temptations! These ravenous wolves are the sometimes subtle and sometimes blatant influences of Satan that stealthily creep into the hearts of the children of God. They are unclean thoughts, addictions, jealousies, grudges, and all other manner of temptations that, if acted upon, consume even the most valiant spirits. This new interpretation of one word brought order to the whole scripture. The well-intended but misinformed people whom I initially thought were the wolves of the story are only other sheep who have already been carried off by the wolves. God is no respecter of persons—he would not designate some of his children as sheep and others as wolves.

Furthermore, the question of why we as sheep are commanded in verse sixty to “suffer no ravenous wolf to enter among [us],” is clearly answered by this new interpretation. If the wolves are temptations, then it is a matter of agency to drive them out. In choosing to act upon the enticings of the spirit over the temptations of Satan, we drive out the wolves. The Lord cannot do this for us because he will not take away our agency. And how do we destroy the wolves? By undergoing a mighty change of heart so that we have no more disposition to do evil! Alma was not straying from his theme, he was explaining another facet of it and connecting it to other gospel principles by way of a common metaphor, reaffirming the unity of the gospel and strengthening our protection from the ravenous wolves that seek to destroy us.

Again, it will likely be a while before I can post again. I'm rather busy, but I will try to make more time for blogging.

Here are two videos. The first is a song from Myths and Hymns, a song cycle by Adam Guettel that I recently listened to (I mentioned this in my family letter). Brilliant to say the least. The second Billy Porter's rendition of Beauty School Dropout from the 1994 revival of Grease. Billy Porter has one of the most incredible instruments I have ever heard (and he was the original singer of the song in the first video, which is why I'm including him) so enjoy it :-)





--Christian

Peek-a-boo!

Dear Readers,
The title of this post means that I'll be disappearing back into blogger obscurity for a while after posting this, but because I have been absent for so long, here is the first insight paper I wrote for my Book of Mormon Class. Enjoy!

Insight Paper the First

2 Nephi 31:19-20:

19 And now, my beloved brethren, after ye have gotten into this strait and narrow path, I would ask if all is done? Behold, I say unto you, Nay; for ye have not come thus far save it were by the word of Christ with unshaken faith in him, relying wholly upon the merits of him who is mighty to save.

20 Wherefore, ye must press forward with a steadfastness in Christ, having a perfect brightness of hope, and a love of God and of all men. Wherefore, if ye shall press forward, feasting upon the word of Christ, and endure to the end, behold, thus saith the Father: Ye shall have eternal life.

If I were to bear record of my sensory experience of these past two days with a list of adjectives, such a list would include “sluggish,” “sedentary,” “foggy,” “lazy,” “heavy,” et cetera. The weather has been gorgeous, and I am aware of that, my classes have been interesting and I am aware of that, and I have been working steadily, but for whatever reason I have felt mentally motionless since Monday morning. I feel like I have lost momentum in my studies and that some sort of weighty haze has descended upon my mind. While leafing through my Book of Mormon in search of a passage to discuss in this paper, these two verses, marked in red, likely brought to my attention years ago in a fireside or on an early morning in seminary, took on especial significance for this moment in my life.

Two words, a verb and an adverb, found great relevance in the context of these recent days: “press forward.” I liked “press” because it indicates some sort of resistance. To press something requires some sort of force. It requires difficulty. It requires something to press into or through. “Press” is an active verb, and active is just what I need to be right now to “press” through this mental fog. I liked “forward” because it indicates motion and direction. I want to move forward in my life, but for the past two days, the natural man in me has wanted just the opposite—to stay put. But in this gospel, and in life in general, one can’t just stay put. Putting these words in context, the strait and narrow path is not straight, nor is it flat. It’s an overgrown, slippery mountain trail. Staying put really means sliding backwards. To progress, one must hold tight to the rod, and climb with great effort, pressing away through the overgrowth. In my experience, the path of righteous living isn’t easy. Those occasions when I think it is easy are usually those occasions when I need to work harder.

So how does one press forward, despite the obstacles (in my current case, this mental fog and inertia that has been with me these two days) without giving into discouragement (as I have oft been tempted to do these past two days—thankfully I haven’t given in yet and don’t plan to in the future)? The answer is in the verse. We aren’t commanded to simply “press forward,” we are commanded to “press forward with a steadfastness in Christ, having a perfect brightness of hope, and a love of God and of all men…feasting upon the word of Christ, and [enduring] to the end.” What we must never forget, and what I (thankfully) haven’t forgotten over the last two days, is to enjoy the journey in its difficulty. Though the trail is steep and strenuous, it is beautiful (when we can see it). As long as we continue to press forward, the light of Christ will illuminate wonderful things along the path (much prettier than any primroses we could see on another, easier path). I’m so glad I rediscovered this verse. It is the perfect piece of advice for this time in my life and any time in my life.

Here is something I LOVED when I was young:



I want to watch this movie at Thanksgiving or Christmastime. Listen to the last phrase and the last note--the technique is perfect and the performance exhilarating.

--Christian

P.S. I was cast as Nephi in Savior of the World (A major annual production in the Conference Center) but I had to turn it down. It was so hard to say no. Hopefully I'll be just as favorably cast when I audition in the future.

Amazing

Dear Readers,

I don't have any philosophizing to do tonight, but these two videos amaze me:





--Christian